Apache – HC！專注於LAMP技術的技術部落客

在ubuntu18.04上，安裝Apache+mysql+php+phpmyadmin

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

一.安裝Apache

sudo apt-get install apache2

1	sudo apt-get install apache2

之後輸入網址會出現it works
sudo a2enmod rewrite #若有需要，自行開啟mod_rewrite
sudo a2enmod proxy_http #若有需要，自行開啟proxy_http
sudo a2enmod proxy_balancer #若有需要，自行開啟proxy_balancer

之後輸入網址會出現it works

sudo a2enmod rewrite #若有需要，自行開啟mod_rewrite

sudo a2enmod proxy_http #若有需要，自行開啟proxy_http

sudo a2enmod proxy_balancer #若有需要，自行開啟proxy_balancer

之後重啟apache2
sudo service apache2 restart

二.安裝php

sudo apt-get install php7.2
sudo apt-get install php7.2-mysql
sudo apt-get install php-curl
sudo service apache2 restart

sudo apt-get install php7.2

sudo apt-get install php7.2-mysql

sudo apt-get install php-curl

sudo service apache2 restart

三.安裝mysql

sudo apt-get install mysql-server
安裝完可以登入mysql看看
sudo mysql -u root -p

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

安裝完可以登入mysql看看

sudo mysql -u root -p

登入後，看一下資料庫：
show databases;

四.若有需要可以安裝phpmyadmin

phpmyadmin預設路徑是/usr/share/phpmyadmin，所以可以做個軟連結，讓我們可以直接在網址後面打/phpmyadmin:

cd /var/www
ln -s /usr/share/phpmyadmin
在網址後面打/phpmyadmin即可登入使用

sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin php-mbstring php-gettext 
(預設安裝目錄為/usr/share/phpmyadmin)

cd /var/www

ln -s /usr/share/phpmyadmin

在網址後面打/phpmyadmin即可登入使用

sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin php-mbstring php-gettext

(預設安裝目錄為/usr/share/phpmyadmin)

Amazon Ubuntu18.04：設定mysql root密碼，並可以從phpmyadmin登入～

安裝了ubuntu18.04之後，phpmyadmin的原始設定是，無法從phpmyadmin直接登入root，因此需要做一些修正：

所以下面可以改變 phpmyadmin 登入的設定，改成可以在phpmyadmin的登入介面，直接輸入root密碼登入：

$ sudo mysql -u root mysql
進入 sql 指令
輸入：
$ UPDATE user SET plugin='mysql_native_password' WHERE User='root';
$ FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
離開 sql 指令
$ exit

$ sudo mysql -u root mysql

進入 sql 指令

輸入：

$ UPDATE user SET plugin='mysql_native_password' WHERE User='root';

$ FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

離開 sql 指令

$ exit

設定 root 的密碼

sudo mysql_secure_installation

1	sudo mysql_secure_installation

設定過程中，會出現以下問題：

選擇密碼強度後設定密碼
是否設定密碼？ $ y
選擇密碼強度 $ 0或1或2
輸入符合規定的密碼 $ 要設的密碼~
確定設這個密碼嗎？ $ y
幾個設定的問題都可以選 yes
最後會出現 All Done!

之後就可以在瀏覽器輸入phpmyadmin網址，並輸入root帳密登入了。

參考文章：
https://github.com/Lidemy/mentor-program-2nd-yuchun33/issues/15

在ubuntu16.04上安裝Apache+mysql_php7.0+phpmyadmin

一.安裝Apache

sudo apt-get install apache2

之後輸入網址會出現it works
sudo a2enmod rewrite #若有需要，自行開啟mod_rewrite
sudo a2enmod proxy_http #若有需要，自行開啟proxy_http
sudo a2enmod proxy_balancer #若有需要，自行開啟proxy_balancer

sudo apt-get install apache2

之後輸入網址會出現it works

sudo a2enmod rewrite #若有需要，自行開啟mod_rewrite

sudo a2enmod proxy_http #若有需要，自行開啟proxy_http

sudo a2enmod proxy_balancer #若有需要，自行開啟proxy_balancer

二.安裝php

sudo apt-get install php7.0 libapache2-mod-php php-mcrypt php-mysql
sudo apt-get install php-curl
sudo etc/init.d/apache2 restart

sudo apt-get install php7.0 libapache2-mod-php php-mcrypt php-mysql

sudo apt-get install php-curl

sudo etc/init.d/apache2 restart

sudo vim /var/www/index.php
then put in index.php
you can see the php info

若想修改php.ini可至以下路徑：
/etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini

三.安裝mysql

sudo apt-get install mysql-server
安裝完可以登入mysql看看
mysql -u root -p

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

安裝完可以登入mysql看看

mysql -u root -p

show databases;

四.若有需要可以安裝phpmyadmin

sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin php-mbstring php-gettext 
(預設安裝目錄為/usr/share/phpmyadmin)

1 2	sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin php-mbstring php-gettext (預設安裝目錄為/usr/share/phpmyadmin)

在網址後面打/phpmyadmin:
cd /var/www
ln -s /usr/share/phpmyadmin
在網址後面打/phpmyadmin即可登入使用

參考文章：

How To Install Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP (LAMP) stack on Ubuntu 16.04

apache2:wordpress做靜態檔的 browser caching時，.htaccess設定

步驟一、先打開mod_expires

可參考：
http://programmer.hsinchi.info/2016/12/05/mod-expires/

步驟二、在.htaccess加入以下：

# BEGIN EXPIRES
ExpiresActive On
ExpiresDefault "access plus 10 days"
ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 1 week"
ExpiresByType text/plain "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType image/svg+xml "access 1 month"
ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType application/x-javascript "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType application/javascript "access plus 1 week"
ExpiresByType application/x-icon "access plus 1 year"
# END EXPIRES

# BEGIN EXPIRES

ExpiresActive On

ExpiresDefault "access plus 10 days"

ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 1 week"

ExpiresByType text/plain "access plus 1 month"

ExpiresByType image/svg+xml "access 1 month"

ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 1 month"

ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 1 month"

ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 1 month"

ExpiresByType application/x-javascript "access plus 1 month"

ExpiresByType application/javascript "access plus 1 week"

ExpiresByType application/x-icon "access plus 1 year"

# END EXPIRES

參考來源：
Apache2 載入 Expires 的模組(mod_expires) 與設定

WP Super Cache and Browser Caching

apache2: 打開mod_expires module

當靜態檔要做browser caching 時，需要給header，這時需要打開apache的mod_expires module。

指令：

a2enmod expires
sudo service apache2 restart #重開

1 2	a2enmod expires sudo service apache2 restart #重開

參考來源：
Apache2 載入 Expires 的模組(mod_expires) 與設定

wordpress：禁止xmlrpc.php這個檔案被訪問（透過apache）

xmlrpc.php是用來做遠端call用的，但會被攻擊，若要全部擋掉，可以在apache裡加上以下：

< Files xmlrpc.php >
Require all denied
< /Files >

rewrite rule的.htaccess設定，將目錄的index.php對應至/

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule ^ index.php [L]
</IfModule>

步驟如上。這時輸入網址，應該可以將原本的domain.com/index.php去掉，只要domain.com/ 就可以執行index.php了。

apache access controll in 2.2 and 2.4

In this example, all requests are denied.

2.2 configuration:

Order deny,allow
Deny from all

2.4 configuration:

Require all denied

2.2 configuration:

Order deny,allow

Deny from all

2.4 configuration:

Require all denied

In this example, all requests are allowed.

2.2 configuration:

Order allow,deny
Allow from all

2.4 configuration:

Require all granted

2.2 configuration:

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

2.4 configuration:

Require all granted

In the following example, all hosts in the example.org domain are allowed access; all other hosts are denied access.

2.2 configuration:

Order Deny,Allow
Deny from all
Allow from example.org

2.4 configuration:

Require host example.org

2.2 configuration:

Order Deny,Allow

Deny from all

Allow from example.org

2.4 configuration:

Require host example.org

This is the default welcome page used to test the correct operation of the Apache2 server after installation on Ubuntu systems. It is based on the equivalent page on Debian, from which the Ubuntu Apache packaging is derived. If you can read this page, it means that the Apache HTTP server installed at this site is working properly. You should replace this file (located at /var/www/html/index.html) before continuing to operate your HTTP server.

If you are a normal user of this web site and don’t know what this page is about, this probably means that the site is currently unavailable due to maintenance. If the problem persists, please contact the site’s administrator.

Configuration Overview

Ubuntu’s Apache2 default configuration is different from the upstream default configuration, and split into several files optimized for interaction with Ubuntu tools. The configuration system is fully documented in /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz. Refer to this for the full documentation. Documentation for the web server itself can be found by accessing the manual if the apache2-doc package was installed on this server.

The configuration layout for an Apache2 web server installation on Ubuntu systems is as follows:

apache2.conf is the main configuration file. It puts the pieces together by including all remaining configuration files when starting up the web server.

ports.conf is always included from the main configuration file. It is used to determine the listening ports for incoming connections, and this file can be customized anytime.

Configuration files in the mods-enabled/, conf-enabled/ and sites-enabled/ directories contain particular configuration snippets which manage modules, global configuration fragments, or virtual host configurations, respectively.

They are activated by symlinking available configuration files from their respective *-available/ counterparts. These should be managed by using our helpers a2enmod, a2dismod, a2ensite, a2dissite, and a2enconf, a2disconf . See their respective man pages for detailed information.

The binary is called apache2. Due to the use of environment variables, in the default configuration, apache2 needs to be started/stopped with /etc/init.d/apache2 or apache2ctl. Calling /usr/bin/apache2 directly will not work with the default configuration.

Document Roots

By default, Ubuntu does not allow access through the web browser to any file apart of those located in /var/www, public_html directories (when enabled) and /usr/share (for web applications). If your site is using a web document root located elsewhere (such as in /srv) you may need to whitelist your document root directory in /etc/apache2/apache2.conf.

The default Ubuntu document root is /var/www/html. You can make your own virtual hosts under /var/www. This is different to previous releases which provides better security out of the box.

Reporting Problems

Please use the ubuntu-bug tool to report bugs in the Apache2 package with Ubuntu. However, check existing bug reports before reporting a new bug.

Please report bugs specific to modules (such as PHP and others) to respective packages, not to the web server itself.

Apache性能調效，KeepAlive

關於Apache的keep-alive，主要有三個參數：
KeepAlive
MaxKeepAliveRequests
KeepAliveTimeout

關於這三個參數的解說，可以參考這裡：http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/en/mod/core.html#keepalive

apache預設KeepAlive是打開的，如果妳沒開KeepAlive，那麼你每一個request都會重新一個connectiion，這對cpu來說可能有點負擔。

所以如果把KeepAlive打開，而你的MaxKeepAliveRequests又夠大，當client再download你server上的東西時（例如css.js.images…等等），就有可能再一個connection裡全部做完，而且對User來說體驗會比較好，因為等待的時間變短了。

不過KeepAlive打開也有缺點，它可能會造成記憶體使用增加，因為apache的程序需要等待下一個requests進來，所以connection會保持打開，直到你設定的keepAliveTimeout的時間到了為止。

所以KeepAlive主要有以下優缺點：
優點：
一、較好的performance
二、減少cpu使用量
缺點：
一、可能造成記憶體使用量增加

如何看一個網站有沒有設定KeepALive？開一下console就可以看到了。

一般來說網站我都會把KeepALive設On，因為performance會變好。
而MaxKeepAliveRequests我會調到可以超過網站頁面的所有requests數，這可以因網站不同而異，如果你有很多頁面包含一堆檔案，例如圖片，那麼可能就需要調高一點。
至於KeepAliveTimeout我不會設太高，因為設太高可能會cost太多記憶體使用量。

參考文章：
1.Apache Performance Tuning: KeepAlive to remove latency

分類: Apache

在ubuntu18.04上，安裝Apache+mysql+php+phpmyadmin

一.安裝Apache

二.安裝php

三.安裝mysql

四.若有需要可以安裝phpmyadmin

Amazon Ubuntu18.04：設定mysql root密碼，並可以從phpmyadmin登入～

在ubuntu16.04上安裝Apache+mysql_php7.0+phpmyadmin

apache2:wordpress做靜態檔的 browser caching時，.htaccess設定

步驟一、先打開mod_expires

步驟二、在.htaccess加入以下：

apache2: 打開mod_expires module

wordpress：禁止xmlrpc.php這個檔案被訪問（透過apache）

rewrite rule的.htaccess設定，將目錄的index.php對應至/

apache access controll in 2.2 and 2.4

Apache2 Ubuntu Default Page

Apache性能調效，KeepAlive